Zvikonzero Zvikuru Zvinokonzera Matambudziko Emhepo Mumba - Utsi Hwakagadzirwa Nevamwe uye Dzimba Dzisina Utsi

Chii chinonzi Secondhand Smoke?

Utsi hwemunhu aputa fodya musanganiswa weutsi hunobuda kana fodya yapiswa, senge fodya, fodya kana mapaipi uye utsi hunoburitswa nevanosvuta fodya. Utsi hwemunhu aputa fodya muchina hunonziwo utsi hwefodya hunonzi environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Kusvuta fodya muchina dzimwe nguva kunonzi kusvuta fodya usingazviiti kana kuti kusvuta usingashandi. Utsi hwemunhu aputa fodya muchina, hwakarongwa neEPA seBoka A carcinogen, hune zvinhu zvinopfuura 7,000. Kusvuta fodya muchina kazhinji kunoitika mumba, kunyanya mudzimba nemota. Utsi hwemunhu aputa fodya muchina hunogona kufamba pakati pemakamuri emba nepakati pemafurati. Kuvhura hwindo kana kuwedzera mhepo mumba kana mumota hazvidziviriri utsi hwemunhu aputa fodya muchina.

Ndeipi Migumisiro Yeutsi Hwakabatwa Nemunhu Anenge Aputa Utsi Hwacho Huri Pahutano?

Mhedzisiro yehutano hweutsi hwemunhu anoputa fodya pavanhu vakuru nevana vasingasvuti inokuvadza uye yakawanda. Utsi hwemunhu anoputa fodya hunokonzera zvirwere zvemwoyo (chirwere chemwoyo nesitiroko), kenza yemapapu, chirwere chekufa kwevana vacheche kamwe kamwe, kurwiswa kweasthma kwakanyanya, nezvimwe zvinetso zvakakomba zvehutano. Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzehutano dzakaitwa maererano neutsi hwemunhu anoputa fodya.

Zvakawanikwa zvikuru:

• Hapana mwero wekuti munhu anosangana neutsi hwemumwe munhu hauna njodzi.
• Kubva pakabuda mushumo weSurgeon General muna 1964, vanhu vakuru vanosvika mamiriyoni 2.5 vakanga vasingasvuti vakafa nekuda kwekufema utsi hwevamwe.
• Utsi hunobva kune vamwe vanhu hunokonzera kufa kwevanhu vanosvika 34,000 vasati vasvika nguva yavo nekuda kwechirwere chemwoyo gore rega rega muUnited States pakati pevanhu vasingasvuti.
• Vanhu vasingasvuti vanosvuta fodya kumba kana kubasa vanowedzera njodzi yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo ne25-30%.
• Utsi hwevanosvuta hunokonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda vane kenza yemapapu muUS gore rega rega.
• Vanhu vasingasvuti vanosvuta fodya kumba kana kubasa vanowedzera njodzi yekubatwa nekenza yemapapu ne20-30%.
• Utsi hunobva kune vamwe hunokonzera matambudziko akawanda ehutano muvacheche nevana, kusanganisira kurwiswa neasthma kakawanda, hutachiona hwekufema, hutachiona hwenzeve, uye chirwere chekufa kwevacheche kamwe kamwe.

Chii Chaunogona Kuita Kuti Uderedze Kusangana Neutsi Hwako Hwakabva Kumunhu Asina Kusvuta?

Kubvisa utsi hwemunhu anoshandiswa nevamwe mumba kunoderedza migumisiro yahwo inokuvadza pahutano, kunatsiridza hunhu hwemhepo yemukati uye nyaradzo kana hutano hwevanogaramo. Kusvikwa kweutsi hwemunhu anoshandiswa nevamwe kunogona kuderedzwa kuburikidza nekushandisa mutemo wakarairwa kana wekuzvidira wekusasvuta. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakavharirwa dzakadai semabhawa nemaresitorendi hazvibvumidzwe nemutemo. Vanhu vanogona kugadza nekusimbisa mitemo isina kusvuta mudzimba dzavo nemota. Kune dzimba dzemhuri dzakawanda, kushandisa mutemo usina kusvuta kunogona kuve kwekumanikidzwa kana kwekuzvidira, zvichienderana nerudzi rwepfuma nenzvimbo (semuenzaniso, muridzi nenzvimbo).

• Imba iyi yava kuva nzvimbo inonyanya kushandiswa nevana nevakuru kusvuta fodya. (Mushumo waChiremba Mukuru, 2006)
• Mhuri dziri muzvivakwa zvine mitemo isina utsi dzine PM2.5 yakaderera zvichienzaniswa nezvivakwa zvisina mitemo iyi. PM2.5 iyuniti yekuyera zvidimbu zvidiki zviri mumhepo uye inoshandiswa sechiratidzo chehunhu hwemhepo. Hukuru hwezvidimbu zvidiki zviri mumhepo hunogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa pahutano. (Russo, 2014)
• Kurambidza kusvuta mumba ndiyo chete nzira yekubvisa utsi hwemunhu ari mudzimba. Nzira dzekufema nekuchenesa dzinogona kuderedza, asi kwete kubvisa, utsi hwemunhu ari mudzimba. (Bohoc, 2010)

Inobva ku https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-smoke-and-smoke-free-homes