Chii chinonzi Indoor Air Pollution?

Indoor kusvibiswa kwemhepo ndiko kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemukati kunokonzerwa nezvinosvibisa uye zvitubu zvakaita seCarbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radon, Mold neOzone.Kunyange kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwekunze kwatora pfungwa dzemamiriyoni, mweya wakaipisisa waunoona zuva nezuva unogona kunge uri kubva kudzimba dzako.

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Chii chinonzi Indoor Air Pollution?

Pane kusvibiswa kusingazivikanwe kwakatikomberedza.Nepo kusvibiswa kwese kuri chinhu chakakosha kubva kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano maonero, semvura kana ruzha, vazhinji vedu hatizivi kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo mukati memukati kwakakonzera njodzi dzehutano muvana nevakuru mumakore apfuura.Muchokwadi, iyo US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoitora seimwe yepamusoro shanu njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.

Isu tinopedza 90% yenguva yedu tiri mumba uye ichokwadi chakasimbiswa kuti zvinobuda mukati memukati zvinosvibisawo mweya.Izvi zvinobuda mukati zvinogona kuve zvakasikwa kana anthropogenic;dzinobva mumhepo yatinofema kuenda kutenderera kwemukati uye kusvika pamwero wakati, kubva mumidziyo yefenicha.Hutsi idzi dzinokonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo mukati.

Indoor kusvibiswa kwemhepo ndiko kusvibiswa (kana kusvibiswa) kwemhepo yemukati kunokonzerwa nezvinosvibisa uye zvitubu zvakaita seCarbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Radon, Mold neOzone.

Makore ose,vangangoita mamirioni mana vanofa nguva isati yakwana vakanyorwa pasi rose nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo mukatiuye vamwe vakawanda vanotambura nehosha dzakabatanidzwa nazvo, zvakadai seasima, hosha dzemwoyo negomarara.Kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba kunokonzerwa nekupiswa kwemafuta asina kuchena uye zvitofu zvehutsi yakasimba zvinoburitsa zvinosvibisa zvine njodzi zvakaita seNitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxides uye Particulate Matter.Chinoita kuti izvi zvinyanye kunetsa ndezvekuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakakonzera mukatiinogona kubatsira kune vangangoita mazana mashanu ezviuru kufa nguva isati yakwana inokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo kunze gore negore..

Indoor kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekusaenzana uye urombo zvakare.Nzvimbo ine hutano inozivikanwa seakodzero dzevanhu dziri mubumbiro remitemo.Pasinei neizvi, kune vanhu vanoda kusvika mabhiriyoni matatu vanoshandisa manyuko asina kuchena emafuta uye vanogara mune dzimwe nyika dzine urombo zvikuru pasi rose dzakadai seAfrica, Latin America neAsia.Uyezve, matekinoroji aripo uye mafuta anoshandiswa mukati memba anotounza njodzi dzakakomba.Kukuvara kwakadai sekupiswa uye kunwa parafini zvese zvine chekuita nemagetsi emumba anoshandiswa pakuvheneka, kubika nezvimwe zvine chekuita nazvo.

Panewo kusaenzana kuripo kana tichireva kusvibiswa kwakavanzika uku.Vakadzi nevasikana vanozivikanwa kubatwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuti vanopedza nguva yakakura vari mumba.Maererano neongororo yakaitwa neWorld Health Organisation muna 2016, vasikana vari mudzimba dzinotsamira pahuni dzisina kuchena vanorasikirwa neanenge maawa makumi maviri vhiki imwe neimwe kuunganidza huni kana kuti mvura;izvi zvinoreva kuti vari parumananzombe, kana tichienzanisa nedzimba dzine mafuta akachena, pamwe chete nedzevarume vadzo.

Saka kusvibiswa kwemhepo mukati kunobatana sei nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze?

Black carbon (inozivikanwawo sesoot) uye methane - gasi regreenhouse rine simba zvakanyanya icarbon dioxide - inoburitswa nekupisa kusingashande mudzimba zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvine simba zvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.Midziyo yekubikira nekudziisa mumba ndiyo inonyanya kunobva kabhoni nhema iyo inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemarasha, zvitofu zvemapuranga uye midziyo yekubikisa yechinyakare.Uyezve, kabhoni nhema ine simba rinopisa rinopisa kupfuura carbon dioxide;zvakapoteredza 460 -1,500 nguva yakasimba kudarika carbon dioxide pachikamu chehuwandu.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kunogona kukanganisawo mweya watinofemera mukati.Kukwira kwekabhoni dhaimoni mazinga uye kuwedzera tembiricha kunogona kukonzeresa kunze kweallegen concentrations, iyo inogona kupinda munzvimbo dzemukati.Zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore achangopfuura zvakare zvakaderedza kunaka kwemhepo yemukati nekuwedzera kunyorova, izvo zvinoguma nekuwedzera kweguruva, mold uye mabhakitiriya.

Iyo conundrum yekusvibiswa kwemhepo yemukati inotisvitsa ku "indoor air quality".Indoor air quality (IAQ) inoreva kunaka kwemhepo mukati nekutenderedza zvivakwa uye zvimiro, uye ine chekuita nehutano, kunyaradza uye kugara zvakanaka kwevagari vezvivakwa.Muchidimbu, kunaka kwemweya wemukati kunotarwa nekusvibiswa kuri mukati memba.Naizvozvo, kugadzirisa nekuvandudza IAQ, kubata mukati memhepo kusvibiswa kwemhepo.

Unogonawo kuda:15 Maguta Akanyanya Kusvibiswa Munyika

Nzira Dzekuderedza Indoor Air Kusvibisa

Kutanga, kusvibiswa kwemhuri chimwe chinhu chinogona kudziviswa kusvika pamwero wakanaka.Sezvo isu tese tichibikira mudzimba dzedu, tichishandisa mafuta akachena sebiogas, ethanol uye mamwe magetsi anovandudzwa anogona kutitora nhanho yekumberi.Imwe bhenefiti yakawedzerwa kune izvi, ingave kuderedzwa kwekuparara kwemasango uye kurasikirwa kwekugara - kutsiva biomass uye mamwe matsime ehuni - izvo zvinogona zvakare kugadzirisa nyaya inomanikidza yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose.

Kuburikidza neClimate uye Yakachena Air Coalition, Sangano reUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) rakatorawo matanho ekutanga kutorwa kwesimba rakachena uye matekinoroji anogona kuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kuunza kukosha kwekukosha kwezvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi zvakaenzana. .Uku kudyidzana kwekuzvidira kwehurumende, masangano, masangano esainzi, mabhizinesi nemasangano everuzhinji zvakaburitswa kubva mumatanho akagadzirwa kugadzirisa kunaka kwemhepo uye kuchengetedza pasirese nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze kwenguva pfupi (SLCPs).

Sangano reWorld Health Organisation (WHO) rinosimudzirawo ruzivo rwekusvibiswa kwemhepo mudzimba munyika nematunhu kuburikidza nemisangano uye kubvunzana kwakananga.Vakagadzira aClean Household Energy Solutions Toolkit (CHEST), dura reruzivo uye zviwanikwa zvekuona vanobatana vanoshanda pamagetsi edzimba uye nyaya dzehutano hweveruzhinji kugadzira, kushandisa uye kutarisa maitiro ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwesimba remumba.

Padanho rega rega, pane nzira dzatinogona nadzo kuona kuti mudzimba dzedu mune mweya wakachena.Ichokwadi kuti kuziva kwakakosha.Vazhinji vedu tinofanira kudzidza nekunzwisisa kunobva tsvina kubva mudzimba dzedu, ingave ichibva neingi, maprinta, makapeti, fenicha, midziyo yekubikira nezvimwe.

Chengetedza mafefetera emhepo aunoshandisa kumba.Nepo vazhinji vedu tichida kuchengeta dzimba dzedu dzisinganhuhwi uye dzichigamuchirwa, zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kukonzeresa kusvibiswa.Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemhepo fresheners iyo ine limonene;izvi zvinogona kuva tsime reVOCs.Ventilation ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.Kuvhura mahwindo edu kwenguva yakakodzera yenguva, kushandisa dzakasimbiswa uye dzinoshanda mafirita emhepo uye mafeni ekupedza ari nyore matanho ekutanga kutanga.Funga kuita ongororo yemhando yemhepo, kunyanya mumahofisi nenzvimbo hombe dzekugara, kuti unzwisise zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotonga mukati memhepo yemukati.Zvakare, kugara uchiongorora mapombi kuti haabvisi here uye mafuremu emafafitera pashure pekunaya kwemvura kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kukura kwekunyorova uye chakuvhuvhu.Izvi zvinorevawo kuchengetedza hunyoro huri pakati pe30% -50% munzvimbo dzingangounganidza hunyoro.

Indoor mhepo yemhando uye kusvibiswa pfungwa mbiri dzine uye dzinowanzo kuregererwa.Asi nemafungiro akanaka uye mararamiro ane hutano, tinokwanisa kugara tichigadzirisa kuchinja, kunyange mudzimba dzedu.Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumhepo yakachena uye nzvimbo dzinofema isu nevana, uyezve, zvinotungamira kuhupenyu hwakachengeteka.

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