Chii chinonzi Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo Mumba?

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba kunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba nezvinhu zvakaita seCarbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radon, Mould neOzone. Kunyange zvazvo kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba kwakabata pfungwa dzemamiriyoni evanhu, mhepo yakaipa kwazvo yaunosangana nayo zuva nezuva inogona kunge iri kubva mudzimba dzako.

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Chii chinonzi Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo Mumba?

Kune kusvibiswa kusingazivikanwe kwakatikomberedza. Kunyange zvazvo kusvibiswa kuri chinhu chakakosha kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza nehutano, zvakaita semvura kana ruzha, vazhinji vedu hatizivi kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumba kwakakonzera njodzi dzakawanda dzehutano muvana nevakuru mumakore apfuura. Kutaura zvazviri, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoiisa pakati peizvi.imwe yenjodzi huru shanu dzezvakatipoteredza.

Tinopedza nguva inosvika 90% tiri mumba uye ichokwadi chakaratidza kuti utsi hwemumba hunosvibisawo mweya. Utsi hwemumba uhwu hunogona kunge huri hwechisikigo kana kuti hunobva kuvanhu; hunotangira mumhepo yatinofema kuenda kumhepo inoyerera mukati uye kusvika pamwero wakati, kubva mumidziyo yefenicha. Utsi uhwu hunokonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba.

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba kusvibiswa (kana kusvibiswa) kwemhepo yemumba kunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa nezvinhu zvakaita seCarbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Radon, Mould neOzone.

Gore rega rega,Vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni mana vanofa nguva isati yakwana pasi rose nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo inobuda mumbauye vamwe vazhinji vanotambura nezvirwere zvine chekuita nazvo, zvakaita seasthma, zvirwere zvemwoyo nekenza. Kusvibiswa kwemhepo mudzimba kunokonzerwa nekupiswa kwemafuta asina kuchena uye zvitofu zvemafuta zvakasimba kunoburitsa zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvine njodzi zvakaita seNitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxides uye Particulate Matter. Chinonyanya kutyisa ndechekuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nemukati memba.zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwevanhu vanosvika 500,00 nguva isati yakwana kunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo yekunze gore rega rega.

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumba kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekusaenzana uye urombo zvakare. Nzvimbo ine hutano inozivikanwa senzvimbokodzero dzevanhu dziri mubumbiro remitemoPasinei neizvi, kune vanhu vanosvika mabhiriyoni matatu vanoshandisa mafuta asina kuchena uye vanogara mune dzimwe nyika dzine urombo pasi rose dzakadai seAfrica, Latin America nenyika dzeAsia. Uyezve, matekinoroji aripo nemafuta anoshandiswa mumba atove nenjodzi huru. Kukuvara kwakadai sekutsva nekumedzwa kweparafini zvese zvakabatana nesimba remumba rinoshandiswa pakuchenesa, kubika nezvimwe zvinangwa zvakafanana.

Panewo kusaenzana kuripo kana tichitaura nezvekusvibiswa uku kwakavanzika. Vakadzi nevasikana vanozivikanwa kuti ndivo vanonyanya kukanganiswa nekuda kwekuti vanopedza nguva yakawanda vari mumba. Sekureva kwazvinoitwa nenyanzvi dzezveutano, vakadzi nevasikana ndivo vanonyanya kukanganiswa.ongororo yakaitwa neWorld Health Organisation muna 2016, vasikana vari mumhuri dzinoshandisa mafuta asina kuchena vanorasikirwa nemaawa angangoita makumi maviri vhiki rega rega vachiunganidza huni kana mvura; izvi zvinoreva kuti vari panjodzi, kana tichienzanisa nemhuri dzine mafuta akachena, pamwe chete nedzevarume.

Saka kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba kune chekuita sei nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze?

Kabhoni nhema (inozivikanwawo sesoti) uye methane - gasi rinopisa pasi pevhu rine simba guru icarbon dioxide - rinoburitswa nekusapisa zvakanaka mudzimba zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvine simba zvinokonzeresa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Midziyo yekubikira nekudziyisa mumba ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kabhoni nhema iyo inonyanya kushandisa mabriquette emarasha, zvitofu zvehuni nemidziyo yekubikira yechinyakare. Uyezve, kabhoni nhema ine simba guru rekudziya kupfuura kabhoni dhayokisaidhi; ine simba rakapetwa ka460 -1,500 kupfuura kabhoni dhayokisaidhi payuniti imwe neimwe yehuremu.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kunogonawo kukanganisa mweya watinofema mumba. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye kuwedzera kwekupisa kunogona kukonzera kuwanda kweallergens panze, izvo zvinogona kupinda munzvimbo dziri mukati. Mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura akaderedzawo kunaka kwemhepo iri mumba nekuwedzera hunyoro, izvo zvinoguma nekuwedzera kweguruva, chakuvhuvhu uye mabhakitiriya.

Dambudziko rekusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba rinotisvitsa pa "hunhu hwemhepo yemumba". Hunhu hwemhepo yemumba (IAQ) hunoreva hunhu hwemhepo iri muzvivakwa nezvivakwa zvakapoteredza, uye hune chekuita nehutano, kunyaradzwa uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanogara muzvivakwa. Muchidimbu, hunhu hwemhepo yemumba hunoenderana nekusvibiswa kwemumba. Saka, kugadzirisa nekuvandudza IAQ, kugadzirisa manyuko ekusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba.

Ungangodawo:Maguta gumi nemashanu Akasvibiswa Zvikuru Pasirose

Nzira Dzekuderedza Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo Mumba

Kutanga, kusvibiswa kwedzimba chinhu chinogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya. Sezvo tese tichibika mudzimba dzedu, kushandisa mafuta akachena akadai se biogas, ethanol nedzimwe nzira dzesimba dzinogona kushandiswazve kunogona kutibatsira zvikuru. Chimwe chinhu chakanaka pane izvi ndechekuderedza kuparadzwa kwemasango nekurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzekugara - kutsiva biomass nedzimwe nzvimbo dzehuni - izvo zvinogonawo kugadzirisa nyaya iri kushungurudza yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose.

Kuburikidza neKubatana Kwemamiriro Ekunze Nemhepo Yakachena, Sangano reUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) rakatorawo matanho ekuisa pakutanga kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena uye matekinoroji anogona kuvandudza mhando yemhepo, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kuunza pamberi kukosha kwekubatsira kwezvakatipoteredza, magariro evanhu uye hupfumi. Kubatana uku kwehurumende, masangano, masangano esainzi, mabhizinesi nemasangano everuzhinji kwakasimbiswa nezvirongwa zvakagadzirwa kugadzirisa mhando yemhepo nekuchengetedza pasi rose nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze kwenguva pfupi (SLCPs).

Sangano reWorld Health Organization (WHO) rinopawo ruzivo nezvekusvibiswa kwemhepo mudzimba munyika nematunhu kuburikidza nemisangano yekudzidzisana zvakananga. Vakagadzira chirongwa cheKiti Yezvishandiso Zvekugadzirisa Simba Remumba Rakachena (CHIFUVA), nzvimbo ine ruzivo nezviwanikwa zvekutsvaga vane chekuita nekushandisa simba remumba nenyaya dzehutano hweveruzhinji kuti vagadzire, vashandise uye vatarise maitiro ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwesimba remumba.

Pamunhu mumwe nemumwe, kune nzira dzatingaite nadzo kuti tive nemhepo yakachena mudzimba dzedu. Ichokwadi kuti kuziva chinhu chakakosha. Vazhinji vedu tinofanira kudzidza nekunzwisisa kunobva kusvibiswa kwedzimba dzedu, kungave kunobva kuinki, maprinta, makapeti, fenicha, midziyo yekubikisa, nezvimwewo.

Tarisa zvinhu zvinofefetedza mweya zvamunoshandisa kumba. Kunyange hazvo vazhinji vedu tichida kuchengetedza dzimba dzedu dzisina munhuwi uye dzichigamuchira vanhu, zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa. Kuti zvive pachena, deredzai kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinofefetedza mweya zvine limonene;izvi zvinogona kuva manyuko eVOCs. Kufefetera kwakakosha zvikuru. Kuvhura mahwindo edu kwenguva yakakodzera, kushandisa mafirita emhepo ane certification uye anoshanda zvakanaka uye mafeni emagetsi ekunze matanho ekutanga ari nyore kutanga nawo. Funga nezvekuita ongororo yehunhu hwemhepo, kunyanya mumahofisi nenzvimbo hombe dzekugara, kuti unzwisise parameter dzakasiyana dzinotonga hunhu hwemhepo yemukati. Zvakare, kutarisa nguva dzose mapaipi kuti aone kana paine mvura inodonha uye mafuremu emahwindo mushure mekunaya kwemvura kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kukura kwehunyoro nefungus. Izvi zvinorevawo kuchengetedza mwero wehunyoro uri pakati pe30%-50% munzvimbo dzinogona kuunganidza hunyoro.

Hunhu hwemhepo yemumba uye kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvinhu zviviri zvinoregeredzwa uye zvinowanzo furatirwa. Asi nepfungwa dzakanaka uye mararamiro ane hutano, tinogona kugara tichichinja-chinja, kunyangwe mudzimba dzedu. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumhepo yakachena nenzvimbo dzinofema isu nevana, uye zvinozotungamira kuhupenyu hwakachengeteka.

Kubva pa earth.org.