Pfupiso
Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo yekunze kunogona kukanganisa hutano hwavo, asi kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemukati kunogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba uye inokuvadza pahutano. Zvidzidzo zveEPA zvekushandiswa kwevanhu mukusvibiswa kwemhepo zvinoratidza kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa mukati hunogona kuva hwakapetwa kaviri kusvika kashanu - uye dzimwe nguva kanopfuura ka100 - kupfuura huwandu hwekunze.1 Aya mazinga ezvinosvibisa mhepo yemukati anonyanya kushungurudza, nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanopedza inenge 90 muzana yenguva yavo vari mumba. Nechinangwa chegwara iri, tsananguro yekutarisira mhepo yemukati yakanaka (IAQ) inosanganisira:
- Kudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo;
- Kutanga nekupararira kwemhepo yakakwana yekunze; uye
- Kuchengetedza tembiricha inogamuchirika uye hunyoro hunoenderana
Tembiricha nehunyoro hazvifanirwe kufuratirwa, nekuti kunetseka nezvekunyaradzwa kwekupisa ndiko kuri kukonzera kunyunyuta kwakawanda nezve "mhepo isina kunaka." Uyezve, tembiricha nehunyoro zviri pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinosvibisa mumba.
Manyuko ekunze anofanirawo kufungwa nezvawo sezvo mhepo yekunze ichipinda muzvivakwa zvechikoro nepamahwindo, magonhi uye masisitimu ekufema. Saka, mabasa ekufambisa nekuchengetedza nzvimbo anova zvinhu zvinokanganisa huwandu hwemhepo inosvibisa mukati pamwe nehunhu hwemhepo yekunze munzvimbo dzechikoro.
Sei IAQ Yakakosha?
Mumakore achangopfuura, zvidzidzo zvekuenzanisa njodzi dzakaitwa neSainzi Advisory Board (SAB) yeEPA zvakagara zvichiratidza kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumba pakati penjodzi shanu dzepamusoro dzezvakatipoteredza kuhutano hwevanhu. IAQ yakanaka chinhu chakakosha chekugara zvakanaka mumba, uye inogona kubatsira zvikoro kusvika pachinangwa chazvo chikuru chekudzidzisa vana.
Kukundikana kudzivirira kana kupindura nekukurumidza kumatambudziko eIAQ kunogona kuwedzera migumisiro yehutano yenguva refu uye pfupi kuvadzidzi nevashandi, yakaita se:
- Kukosora;
- Kutsamwiswa kweziso;
- Musoro;
- Kusawirirana;
- Kuwedzera asthma uye/kana zvimwe zvirwere zvekufema; uye
- Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, zvinokonzera zvirwere zvinotyisidzira hupenyu zvakaita sechirwere cheLegionnaire kana chepfu yecarbon monoxide.
Mwana mumwe chete pavana gumi nevatatu vezera rekuenda kuchikoro ane asthma, iyo iriyo honzeri huru yekusaenda kuchikoro nekuda kwechirwere chisingaperi. Pane humbowo hwakawanda hunoratidza kuti kusangana nezvinhu zvinokonzera allergy mumba (senge guruva, zvipembenene, uye chakuvhuvhu) zvine basa guru mukukurudzira zviratidzo zveasthma. Allergy idzi dzakajairika muzvikoro. Kunewo humbowo hwekuti kusangana nedhiziri rinobva mumabhazi echikoro nedzimwe mota kunowedzera asthma uye allergy. Matambudziko aya anogona:
- Kuchinja kupinda kwevadzidzi, kunyaradzwa, uye mashandiro avo;
- Kuderedza mashandiro evadzidzisi nevashandi;
- Kurumidza kuora kwechikoro uye kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwechirimwa nemidziyo yechikoro;
- Kuwedzera mukana wekuvharwa kwezvikoro kana kutamiswa kwevanogara;
- Kusawirirana pakati pevatungamiriri vechikoro, vabereki nevashandi;
- Gadzira mukurumbira wakashata;
- Kuvimba kwenharaunda; uye
- Gadzira matambudziko emhosva.
Matambudziko emhepo iri mumba anogona kunge ari mashoma uye haawanzo kukonzera matambudziko anoonekwa pahutano, kugara zvakanaka, kana chirimwa. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira musoro, kuneta, kufema zvishoma, kuvharika kwemasinus, kukosora, kuhotsira, dzungu, kuda kurutsa, uye kutsamwa kweziso, mhino, pahuro, uye ganda. Zviratidzo zvingasave zvichikonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemhepo yakakwana, asi zvinogonawo kukonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sechiedza chisina kunaka, kushushikana, ruzha nezvimwewo. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwekunzwa pakati pevadzidzi vechikoro, matambudziko eIAQ anogona kukanganisa boka revanhu kana munhu mumwe chete uye anogona kukanganisa munhu wega wega nenzira dzakasiyana.
Vanhu vanogona kunyanya kukanganiswa nezvinosvibisa mweya mumba vanosanganisira, asi havasi ivo chete, vanhu vane:
- Asthma, allergies, kana kukanganiswa nemakemikari;
- Zvirwere zvekufema;
- Masoja emuviri akadzvinyirirwa (nekuda kwemwaranzi, chemotherapy, kana chirwere); uye
- Magirazi ekuonana.
Mamwe mapoka evanhu anogona kunge ari panjodzi huru yekusangana nezvinosvibisa kana kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvinosvibisa. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vane chirwere chemwoyo vanogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nekusangana necarbon monoxide kupfuura vanhu vane hutano hwakanaka. Vanhu vanosangana nenitrogen dioxide yakawanda vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nezvirwere zvekufema.
Pamusoro pezvo, miviri yevana iri kukura inogona kunge iri nyore kukanganiswa nezvakatipoteredza kupfuura yevakuru. Vana vanofema mweya wakawanda, vanodya chikafu chakawanda uye vanonwa mvura yakawanda zvichienderana nehuremu hwemiviri yavo kupfuura vakuru. Nokudaro, hunhu hwemhepo muzvikoro hunonyanya kukosha. Kuchengetedza mhepo yemukati zvakanaka hakusi nyaya ye "hunhu" chete; kunosanganisira kuchengetedzeka uye kutarisira mari yako muvadzidzi, vashandi nezvivakwa.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, onaHunhu hweMhepo Yemukati.
Mareferensi
1. Wallace, Lance A., nevamwe. Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Chidzidzo: Kusangana nemunhu pachake, hukama hwemukati nekunze, uye mwero wekufema kwemakemikari anoshanduka-shanduka muNew Jersey.Zvakatipoteredza. Int.1986,12, 369-387.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412086900516
Inobva ku https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-15-2022